b'Be 100% correct on alien weed ID beforeYoung seedling perennials removal. Dont let unwanted plants go toTake it from an expert, are easy to chop before seed. Persistance needed to completelyuse quality tools. roots establish. Established eliminate. Roots must be killed toperennials cut above ground control perennial weeds. To kill annuals,will come back. Most perennial chop below bottom leaves. Dont let anyplants sprout back from rhizomes, weeds produce seeds (babies). If seeds alreadystolons, tubers, and buds at or below present, dont let them fall to the ground. Pick up andthe surface. Make sure you get root system of these properly dispose alien seedheads. Soil often is full ofplants. There is risk of erosion by leaving bare dormant weed seeds, especially if the land was everground for extended periods of time. Hot summer a farm field. Be aware, digging soil or disturbing thesun on bare ground can burn beneficial soil microbes surface can bring up more weed seeds. New nativeand organic matter.plantings will eventually populate top layers of the soil with desireable seeds. Understanding reproductive cycles and growth habits of aliens will guide maintenance decisions. Hand tools are most effective on annual plants. photo by Callie Richmond86n ativea meRicans eed 800 728 4043'